Positive Results From the COPD Salford Lung Study Published in the NEJM and Presented at European Respiratory Congress
For the primary endpoint in patients, who had exacerbated in the year before the study, treated with Relvar Ellipta 100/25mcg (fluticasone furoate ‘FF'/vilanterol ‘VI' or ‘FF/VI') there was a statistically significant reduction of 8.4% (p=0.025; 95% CI 1.1 to 15.2) in the rate of moderate or severe exacerbations compared with patients receiving ‘usual care'. The majority of these patients in the study on usual care were taking an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) containing regimen (88%). A similar reduction in exacerbations with FF/VI was seen in those patients on a treatment that included an ICS/ long-acting beta2-agonists (LABA) at baseline (8.0%; p=0.047; 95% CI 0.11 to 15.4).
For the ITT population there were no differences observed between FF/VI and usual care on secondary outcomes measured including the time to first moderate or severe exacerbation and rate of severe exacerbations, the rate of secondary care healthcare contacts and COPD related primary care contacts. There were more primary care contacts overall on FF/VI (12.3% increase, 95% CI 5.4 to 19.6). The COPD Assessment Test (CAT), which measures the impact of disease on health status, demonstrated 45% of patients receiving FF/VI improved their CAT score by 2 or more, a clinically relevant improvement, compared to 36% in the usual care group (odds ratio 1.51, 95% CI, 1.28 to 1.77).
The incidence of serious adverse events (SAE) was similar between the
groups (29% FF/VI, 27% usual care). For pneumonia, an SAE of special
interest, FF/VI demonstrated non-inferiority (7% FF/VI 6% usual care).
This endpoint was a post-authorisation measure requested by the
The study was made possible through collaboration between GSK, North
West e-Health (NWEH),
A second Salford Lung Study is currently being conducted in patients with asthma, with results expected in 2017.
Study Design
The Salford Lung Study is a Phase IIIb multi-centre, open label
randomised controlled trial (RCT). The objective of the SLS COPD study
was to compare the effectiveness and safety profile of FF/VI 100/25mcg
with existing COPD usual care. All suitable patients with COPD at 80
primary care sites in and around Salford and
In total, 2802 patients with COPD were randomised 1:1 to receive FF/VI 100/25mcg, with or without a long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA), or to continue to receive usual care. FF/VI was administered once daily via the Ellipta inhaler. Patients who were taking a LAMA in addition to ICS/LABA therapy (triple therapy) who were randomised to the FF/VI group were able to continue to use LAMA therapy in addition to FF/VI. Usual care was taken as advised by the prescribing clinician, and could include single or dual long-acting bronchodilator therapy, inhaled corticosteroid either alone or in combination with a long acting bronchodilator or triple therapy of a LAMA, a LABA and an inhaled corticosteroid.
The Salford Lung Study had minimal exclusion criteria and involved a broad demographic of patients. Patients were followed for a period of 12 months in a normal clinical practice setting using a single electronic medical record (EMR), linking primary care (patients seen by their general practitioner), secondary care (patients seen in a hospital setting) and pharmacy data. Throughout the duration of the study physicians were allowed to modify or switch treatment at any point in the study, as would happen in normal clinical practice, the only exception being a switch from usual care to FF/VI.
The study team was able to monitor all hospital admissions, outpatient and emergency department visits, as well as data from primary care (including all healthcare contacts, out-of-hours activity and prescriptions of antibiotics or oral steroids) via the electronic health-records.
The primary effectiveness endpoint is the mean annual rate of moderate or severe exacerbations, where a moderate exacerbation is defined as the subject receiving an exacerbation-related prescription (given to treat an acute worsening of COPD symptoms) of oral corticosteroid and/or antibiotic with or without NHS contact, not requiring hospitalisation. A severe exacerbation is defined as an exacerbation-related hospitalisation - a direct result of an acute worsening of symptoms of COPD or a prolonged hospitalization as a result of a COPD exacerbation.
What is COPD?
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disease of the lungs that includes chronic bronchitis, emphysema or both. COPD is characterised by obstruction to airflow that interferes with normal breathing. Cigarette smoke, breathing in second-hand smoke, air pollution including biomass fuels, chemical fumes and dust from the environment or workplace can all contribute to COPD.
People with COPD can experience a sudden worsening in symptoms, known as an exacerbation. Symptoms of an exacerbation can include an increase in breathlessness, coughing and mucus production, as well as fever. In these cases, the patient may need to change their medication or even, in some cases, be admitted to hospital. Exacerbations are common; one in three patients with severe COPD and almost half of patients with very severe COPD had frequent exacerbations (two or more in the first year following diagnosis). Every exacerbation can cause permanent lung damage and repeated exacerbations can accelerate the progression of the disease. People with frequent exacerbations have a poorer quality of life and may have an increased risk of death.
The study is listed on www.clinicaltrials.gov.
Relvar® Ellipta® is known as Breo®
Ellipta® in
About FF/VI 100/25
FF/VI 100/25mcg, under the brand name Breo® Ellipta® 100/25mcg is licensed in the US for:
- The long-term, once-daily, maintenance treatment of airflow obstruction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), including chronic bronchitis and/or emphysema and to reduce exacerbations of COPD in patients with a history of exacerbations. Breo® Ellipta® 100/25mcg is the only strength indicated for the treatment of COPD.
- Breo Ellipta100/25mcg is not indicated for the relief of acute bronchospasm.
Full US prescribing information, including BOXED WARNING and Medication Guide is available at us.gsk.com or US Prescribing Information Breo Ellipta.
FF/VI 100/25mcg, under the brand name Relvar® Ellipta® is
approved in
- the symptomatic treatment of adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with a FEV1 < 70% predicted normal (post-bronchodilator) with an exacerbation history despite regular bronchodilator therapy.
For the EU Summary of Product Characteristics for Relvar Ellipta, please visit: http://ec.europa.eu/health/documents/community-register/html/h886.htm
Important Safety Information (ISI) for FF/VI (Breo Ellipta) in the US
The following ISI is based on the Highlights section of the US Prescribing Information for Breo Ellipta. Please consult the full Prescribing Information for all the labelled safety information for Breo Ellipta.
Long-acting beta2-adrenergic agonists (LABA), such as vilanterol, one of the active ingredients in BREO ELLIPTA, increase the risk of asthma-related death. A placebo-controlled trial with another LABA (salmeterol) showed an increase in asthma-related deaths. This finding with salmeterol is considered a class effect of all LABA. Currently available data are inadequate to determine whether concurrent use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) or other long-term asthma control drugs mitigates the increased risk of asthma-related death from LABA.
Breo Ellipta is contraindicated for primary treatment of status asthmaticus or other acute episodes of COPD or asthma where intensive measures are required and in patients with severe hypersensitivity to milk proteins or who have demonstrated hypersensitivity to either fluticasone furoate, vilanterol, or any of the excipients.
Breo Ellipta should not be initiated in patients during rapidly deteriorating or potentially life-threatening episodes of COPD or asthma, or used for the relief of acute symptoms, i.e., as rescue therapy for the treatment of acute episodes of bronchospasm. Acute symptoms should be treated with an inhaled, short-acting beta2-agonist.
Breo Ellipta should not be used more often than recommended, at higher doses than recommended, or in conjunction with other medications containing LABAs, as an overdose may result.
Oropharyngeal candidiasis has occurred in patients treated with Breo Ellipta. Patients should be advised to rinse their mouth with water without swallowing after inhalation to help reduce this risk.
An increase in the incidence of pneumonia has been observed in subjects with COPD receiving the fluticasone furoate/vilanterol combination, including Breo Ellipta 100 mcg/25 mcg, in clinical trials. There was also an increased incidence of pneumonias resulting in hospitalisation. In some incidences these pneumonia events were fatal.
Patients who use corticosteroids are at risk for potential worsening of existing tuberculosis; fungal, bacterial, viral, or parasitic infections; or ocular herpes simplex. A more serious or even fatal course of chickenpox or measles may occur in susceptible patients.
Particular care is needed for patients who have been transferred from systemically active corticosteroids to inhaled corticosteroids because deaths due to adrenal insufficiency have occurred in patients with asthma during and after transfer from systemic corticosteroids to less systemically available inhaled corticosteroids.
Hypercorticism and adrenal suppression may occur with very high dosages or at the regular dosage of inhaled corticosteroids in susceptible individuals.
Caution should be exercised when considering the coadministration of Breo Ellipta with long-term ketoconazole and other known strong CYP3A4 inhibitors because increased systemic corticosteroid and cardiovascular adverse effects may occur.
Breo Ellipta can produce paradoxical bronchospasm which may be life-threatening.
Hypersensitivity reactions such as anaphylaxis, angioedema, rash, and urticaria may occur after administration of Breo Ellipta.
Vilanterol, the LABA in Breo Ellipta, can produce clinically significant cardiovascular effects in some patients as measured by increases in pulse rate, systolic or diastolic blood pressure, and also cardiac arrhythmias. Breo Ellipta should be used with caution in patients with cardiovascular disorders.
Decreases in bone mineral density have been observed with long-term administration of products containing inhaled corticosteroids, as have glaucoma, increased intraocular pressure, and cataracts.
Breo Ellipta should be used with caution in patients with convulsive disorders, thyrotoxicosis, diabetes mellitus, ketoacidosis, and in patients who are unusually responsive to sympathomimetic amines.
Beta-adrenergic agonist medicines may produce significant hypokalemia in some patients. Beta-adrenergic agonist medicines may produce transient hyperglycemia in some patients.
For COPD, the most common adverse reactions (≥3% and more common than in placebo) reported in two 6-month clinical trials with Breo Ellipta 100/25 (and placebo) were nasopharyngitis, 9% (8%); upper respiratory tract infection, 7% (3%); headache, 7% (5%); and oral candidiasis, 5% (2%). In addition to the reactions reported in the 6-month studies, adverse reactions occurring in ≥3% of the subjects treated with Breo Ellipta 100/25 in two 1-year studies included back pain, pneumonia, bronchitis, sinusitis, cough, oropharyngeal pain, arthralgia, influenza, pharyngitis, and pyrexia.
RELVAR®, BREO® and ELLIPTA® are trade
marks of the
GSK - one of the world's leading research-based pharmaceutical and healthcare companies - is committed to improving the quality of human life by enabling people to do more, feel better and live longer. For further information please visit www.gsk.com.
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Cautionary statement regarding forward-looking statements
GSK cautions investors that any forward-looking statements or projections made by GSK, including those made in this announcement, are subject to risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially from those projected. Such factors include, but are not limited to, those described under Item 3.D 'Risk factors' in the company's Annual Report on Form 20-F for 2015.
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term is defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995
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